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Course Instructor: Ashish Revar

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Fundamentals of Malware Analysis
LearnREMAUnit 22

Topic 2.2 of Fundamentals of Malware Analysis

File Identification and Hashing

Cryptographic hashing as the first step of malware triage — MD5 vs SHA-256, fuzzy hashing with ssdeep, import hash (imphash), VirusTotal querying, and interpreting detection ratios.

~20 min total·4 quadrants of structured content

By the end of this topic, you will

  • Compute MD5 and SHA-256 hashes using PowerShell and Linux command-line tools
  • Explain the avalanche property and why it matters for file identification
  • Interpret VirusTotal detection ratios and describe what each range implies
  • Explain how ssdeep fuzzy hashing identifies malware variants with modified bytes
  • Describe the imphash and its use in finding related malware samples
  • Apply the five-step hash triage sequence to a new suspect file
Q1 · E-TUTORIAL (2)Q2 · E-CONTENT (1)Q3 · WEB RESOURCES (8)Q4 · SELF-ASSESSMENT (2)

Quadrant 1 · e-Tutorial

Video lectures and walkthroughs

Quick Bite

Quadrant 2 · e-Content

Articles and case studies

Education

File Identification and Hashing

Cryptographic hashing as the first step of any malware triage — MD5, SHA-256, fuzzy hashing with ssdeep, querying VirusTotal, and why the hash is the case identifier for every report.

12 min read

Quadrant 3 · Web Resources

Downloadable material and curated external links

Downloadable reference material

EBook

REMA eBook 2026

v1.0

Open resource

Cheatsheet

REMA Cheatsheet 2026

v1.0

Open resource

MCQ Bank

REMA MCQ Bank 2026

v1.0

Open resource

Question Bank

REMA Question Bank 2026

v1.0

Open resource

Featured Podcast

Podcast Episode

Malware Blueprints in Portable Executable Headers

A deep dive into the Portable Executable (PE) structure used by Windows binaries — how analysts decode executable metadata to uncover malicious intent, compiler behaviour, packing indicators, and execution flow.

Listen now

External links

VirusTotal — Free File and Hash Search

Submit files or search by hash. Free account gives API access for programmatic queries. Essential first stop for any sample.

MalwareBazaar — Sample Search by Hash

Search for samples by MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, or imphash. Download samples for analysis. Free and no account required.

ssdeep — Fuzzy Hashing Tool

Official ssdeep project page with download links and documentation for context-triggered piecewise hashing.

Quadrant 4 · Self-Assessment

Test your knowledge — earn a certificate on first pass

Fundamentals of Malware Analysis

Covers the analysis environment, PE file structure, static property examination, behavioural analysis, and dynamic code analysis of Windows executables.

20 questions30 minPass: 60%

REMA Complete Assessment

A comprehensive 120-question assessment covering the entire Reverse Engineering and Malware Analysis curriculum: malware taxonomy and reverse engineering fundamentals, static and dynamic analysis, reversing malicious code, malicious web and document files, in-depth analysis of packed and fileless malware, and self-defending malware techniques.

120 questions90 minPass: 60%